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名词性从句(四,五,六,七,)

时间:2011-11-03 01:10 来源:北纬森教育

4)同位语从句

  同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
 
  The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
 
  I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
 
  The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
 
  同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
 

   that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,起连

that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,起连

词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。

 
  试比较下面两个例句:
 
  I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
 

  Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从

句,作宾语,可以省略)

5)名词性that-从句

  1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成

分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:

 
  主语:That she is still alive is her luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
 
  宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
 
  表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
 
  同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
 
  近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
 
  形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
 
  你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
 
  2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
 
  It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
 
  It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
 
  用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
 
  a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
 
  It is necessary that… 有必要……
 
  It is important that… 重要的是……
 
  It is obvious that… 很明显……
 
  b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
 
  It is believed that… 人们相信……
 
  It is known to all that… 众所周知……
 
  It has been decided that… 已决定……
 
  c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
 
  It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
 
  It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
 
  It is a fact that… 事实是……
 
  d. It +不及物动词+ that-从句
 
  It appears that… 似乎……
 
  It happens that… 碰巧……
 
  It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……

6)名词性wh-从句

  1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever,

which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:

 
  主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
 
  直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
 
  间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize. 
 
  俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
 
  表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
 
  宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
 
  同位语: I have no idea when he will return. 
 
  我不知道他什么时候回来。
 
  形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
 
  介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go. 
 
  那取决于我们去哪儿。
 
  2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
 
  It is not yet decided who will do that job. 
 
  还没决定谁做这项工作。
 
  It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。

7)if, whether引导的名词从句

  1)yes-no型疑问从句
 
  从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
 
  主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
 
  宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
 
  表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
 
  同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
 
  形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
 
  介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
 
  2)选择性疑问从句
 
  选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成,例如:
 
  Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
 
  I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
 
  if和whether的区别:
 
  1、 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如:
 
  例8 I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
 
  2、 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如:
 
  例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。
 
  3 、在介词后,只能用whether。如:
 
  例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
 
  4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether 。如:
 
  Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know. 这是否真的,我真的不知道。
 
  (例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。--此例为主语从句,有误,感谢指出)
 
  5、用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如:
 
  例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
 
  这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义。

 
 

 
 

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